Renew-V and You!Hormonal Changes-Articles

Genitourinary Syndrome

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a term that encompasses a wide range of symptoms and conditions associated with changes in the genital and urinary systems due to the decline in estrogen levels during menopause. As women approach menopause, hormonal shifts—particularly the reduction in estrogen—can lead to structural and functional changes in the tissues of the vagina, vulva, bladder, and urethra.  Previously called vulvovaginal atrophy, GSM more accurately captures the broader spectrum of symptoms that affect both the genital and urinary systems. These symptoms can include vaginal dryness, irritation, burning, painful intercourse (dyspareunia), recurrent urinary tract infections, and urinary incontinence.  Many women hesitate to discuss these issues with healthcare professionals, despite their significant impact on quality of life. GSM is highly prevalent, affecting over half of women who are postmenopausal, yet it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. The condition is progressive, and the symptoms often worsen over time without treatment.  Various treatment options—ranging from nonhormonal lubricants and moisturizers to hormone replacement therapy—are available to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.